Efficiency Of A COBOL program

Table of Contents

1. Introduction.. 3

2. VALUE clause. 4

3. 01 Double Boundary location.. 4

4. ALPHANUMERIC and COMP work fields. 4

5. DISPLAY NUMERIC work fields. 4

6. COMP-3 work fields. 4

7. OPEN/CLOSE file. 5

8. Internal Tables. 5

9. End of Document 5

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COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)

History.

In 1952, Grace Murray Hopper began a journey that would eventually lead to the language we know as COBOL.

In 1959, an industry-wide team was assembled to formulate a common business programming language. The Conference on Data System Languages (CODASYL)  led by Joe Wegstein of National Bureau of Standards (now National Institute of Standards and Technology) developed a new language, and created the first standardized business computer programming language.

COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) was developed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense in cooperation with computer manufactures, users and universities. The initial specifications for COBOL were presented in a report of the executive committee of CODASYL committee in April of 1960.   It was designed to be a business problem oriented, machine independent and capable of continuous change and development.

1968 –  American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed a standard form of the language  known as American National Standard (ANSI) COBOL. This was an attempt to overcome the incompatibilities of the different versions of COBOL.

1974 –  ANSI published a revised version of (ANSI) COBOL

1985 –  ANSI published another revised version

Today — ISO and ANSI committees have completed the features of the latest revision of COBOL 2002.

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Title

Random Execution of Job Steps.

Abstract

This document provides a generic solution for execution of Job steps randomly without editing the JCL.

Problem Description

Executing the steps randomly in a job without editing the JCL is a tedious thing in Mainframes. Suppose for testing a program or JCL itself, we just want to execute some steps that are having changes but they are in the random order.

For example, the JCL given below having 4 steps STEP010, STEP020, STEP030 and STEP040, but if we want to test the XYZ program changes then we just need to execute the steps STEP020 and STEP040, and not STEP010 and STEP030.

So in order to test the changes in the program XYZ we can do either of the following.

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第一章：概述

一、 shell 概念
shell 是unix操作系统提供的命令解释器，是用户与操作系统之间的接口。当你注册到unix系统的任何一个用户，系统都会为你启动一个shell，shell会一直等待你的指令，当你输入的命令被确认后，shell便对其进行解释并产生系统调用，完成相应的操作。然后，又进入等待状态。

换句话说，当你一登录到unix系统，就开始了与shell的对话。在此期间，你不断与shell交互，不断地对shell发出命令来指挥系统完成各种工作直到你退出系统。
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